G. laevigata (Bieb.) DC, Syst. 2: 577 (1821). Syn: Raphanus laevigatus Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 2: 129 (1808); G. torulosa DC, Syst. 2: 577 (1821). Figure 11, p. 253.
Glabrous annual herb. Stems ascending to erect, up to 50 cm. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, dentate, the upper semi-amplexicaul. Petals lilac to pale purple, 3-4 mm. Fruits siliculiform, curved, oblong, held horizontally to ascending on re-fracted pedicels, indehiscent, 10-11 x 2-3 mm. Fl. 3-5. Field weed.
Type: in arena mobili circa Astrachan, rarius in deserto Cumano, Bieberstein.
Scattered in Inner Anatolia. A8 Erzurum: Ispir, Bourgeau. B6 Sivas: Sivas, 1200 m, Bornnı. 1890: 1910. C3 Burdur: Bouldour (Burdur) Heldr.! C4 Konya: Konya, Reese.
Syrian Desert, N., W. & C. Iran, Soviet Armenia, S. Russia, Siberia, Afghan-
istan, W. Pakistan. Ir.-Tur. element. All the Turkish material belongs to var. ascendens Boiss., Fl. Or. 1: 243, 1867. (Syn: G. laevigata subsp. torulosa (DC.) Bornm.). Var. laevigata from Turkestan & Beluchistan (and perhaps elsewhere) is said to differ in its pendulous siliquae; it has been recorded (as a species) from Istanbul (Byzantium, Noë); as we have seen no material from this area, we have not accepted this record. Tribus SISYMBRIEAE. Hairs simple or furcate, rarely absent. Sepals spreading. Filaments without appendages. Fruit a siliqua or rarely a silicula. Radicle incumbent.